Essay on A Corporate Code of Ethics is Not Enough

After news of the scandal of Enron, one of the hottest items on e-Bay was a 64-page copy of Enron’s corporate code of ethics. One seller/former employee proclaimed it had â€Å"never been opened.† In the forward Kenneth L. Lay, CEO of Enron stated, â€Å"We want to be proud of Enron and to know that it enjoys a reputation for fairness and honesty and that it is respected (Enron 2).† For a company with such an extensive code of ethics and a CEO who seemed to want the company to be respected for that, there are still so many unanswered questions of what exactly went wrong. I believe that simply having a solid and thorough code of ethics alone does not prevent a company from acting unethically when given the right opportunity. Investors and†¦show more content†¦It can include the rules for governing the company in cases of employees being caught lying, cheating, or stealing. In creating a code of ethics, several questions should be asked. What is the purpose of the new code? What are the needs and values of the organization it is being created for? Who should be involved in creating this code? How is the code intended to be implemented? How and when will the code be reviewed and revised? The process of created a solid code of ethics matters just as much as the final product. The company’s code of ethics must also make sense to its employees. The code must be written in a practical and understandable manner. It should provide clear action statements that indicate what should and should not be done. The code should be clearly integrated with the company’s mission and vision. It should be apparent to the employees how following the code of ethics will aid in accomplishing the company’s vision and the employees must see a tie that following the code aids in their personal success within the company (Hawkins 1). Management Involvement Having a company code of ethics alone simply is not enough. As the latest news has show, Enron had a very extensive code of ethics that went ignored. A tone must be set by senior management on a daily basis. If an employee sees a member of management padding an expense report, then they feelShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics Of An Ethical Corporation Is Not An Oxymoron1645 Words   |  7 Pagestowards ethics in today’s workplace is an important issue; recent headlines show consequences of unethical behavior on both companies and employees. Contained within the basic code of ethics in the workplace are words like, trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, (Chatov, 1980). Consider questions like, is it ethical to take office supplies from work for home use, or is it ethical to use company time for personal business? What is ethical behavior? The meaning of a code ethics in theRead MoreThe Integration Of Law And Ethics945 Words   |  4 PagesAs the subject title indicates, Substantive ethics is about the integration of law and ethics in corporate ethics programs. The author of this article gives numerous examples of why integration of law and ethics is needed. There are numerous areas of concern, such as dishonest corporate dealings, global human rights, tort lawsuits, and questionable executive salaries (Blodgett, 2012). There is a view that laws are rules meant to be followed and not necessarily understood for its ethical value. ThisRead Morecorporate governance1590 Words   |  7 PagesSummary: Corporate governance is an essential part of modern company operations and management , it relates to business ethics, code of conduct and system to manage a company. However, there are many corporate scandals due to the failure of corporate governance. This report analyzes the corporate governance from multiple aspects. It is through the understanding the relationship between corporate governance and business ethics, evaluating the ASX principles as a guidelines to corporate governanceRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox )1202 Words   |  5 Pagesof the opportunities for cultivating organizational ethics by clearly outlining the code of ethics. This included the raise of truthful and strong ethical behavior. SOX moreover, demands that corporate organizations to release codes applicable to the senior financial officer. Indorsing whistle blowing in the event of ethical misconduct is encouraged (Kessel, 2011). SOX was signed by President George Bush on July 30, 2002. Important corporate catastrophes had activated intense publicity and mediaRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility879 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility During this short summer class, I have understood more than I ever could have done before. Not only because the study of ethics is crucial, but also because being socially responsible is part of being ethical. Among the most important assignments required from this course are: Journals, discussion boards, social project, and the lectures. However, the first group collaboration was our own code of ethics; from there, students were required to follow it asRead MoreThe Role Of External Auditing On Promoting Good Corporate Governance Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of external auditing in promoting good corporate governance. The role of auditors has been emphasized after the pass of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as a response to the accounting scandal of Enron. Even though auditors are hired and paid by the company, their role is not to represent or act in favor of the company, but to watch and investigate the company’s financials to pro tect the public from any material misstatements that can affect their decisionsRead MoreTime Frame And This Will Test The Hypotheses Across Time1239 Words   |  5 Pages 2005: 105): 1. The company clearly communicates its goals and strategies to me? 2. My responsibilities are clear. 3. I feel motivated to see the company succeed. 4. I received enough employee training to feel connected to the company’s mission. 5. Do you feel that employees are recognized as individuals? Dress codes are conceptualized as a factor that creates a safe, and fair environment for employees to do their jobs. To measure this independent variable, a composite measure will be used toRead MoreAn Analysis of the Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement and Corporate Social Responsibility Statement1149 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Of The Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement And Corporate Social Responsibility Statement Introduction Invesco (NYSE: IVZ) is one of the worlds leading global investment companies with a diversified portfolio of institutional, retail and high net-work clients that form the foundation of their business model. As of the close of their latest fiscal financial reporting period of March 31, 2013, Invesco has $729.3B in assets under management (AUM), earning an adjusted operating income ofRead MoreManaging Human Resources1816 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts will be discovered. Social responsibility in my Decision-making Process The company needs to demonstrate a good corporate citizenship in the production of good and service. Part of the company social responsibility is to enhance the health and safety of its customers. By producing high quality goods that are free of defects, the company is demonstrating its social corporate responsibility. With regard to my decision, the company needs to protect health and safety of its customers especiallyRead MoreCorporate Ethics Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pages The board of directors is also highly influential to a corporation and should therefore also be held accountable for supporting a corporation’s ethical code of conduct. The board of directors is responsible for looking out for the best interests of shareholders (Cross Miller, 2012). The board of directors was designed to monitor executives, however in practice this is not always the case (Cross Miller). Obviously this is monitoring is a necessary duty. A proposed change to ensure that the

A Feminist Reading Of Marry Shelleys Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1216 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? A Feminist Reading Of Marry Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism is a movements aimed to equal rights between men and women so in Shelleys time it was just started and through Frankensteins novel she pointed out one of the most powerful work of feminism in London 1818. Shelley was 18 years old when she wrote this story. When she was in Switzerland with her lover Percy Shelley who later became her husband, they stayed at their friend Lord Byrons castle. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Feminist Reading Of Marry Shelleys Frankenstein" essay for you Create order They decided to compete for writing the best horror story. That night Shelley dreamed of a scientist who created a scary creature, then her dream developed to a novel that she wrote (Zeitoun). She was from a noble rich educated family and they were interested in arts. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was a writer and advocate for womens rights and her father, William Godwin, was a political philosopher and a science fiction writer, while her husband Percy Beach Shelley, was a famous poet who had his own way of thinking which conflicted with his community and was calling for freedom and liberalism rather than religion. She managed to publish the novel in her fathers publishing house, and her name mentioned in the second edition with her husband helped. Shelleys Frankenstein reflected different problems that were prominent in the lives of female at that time via her subordinate female characters. Elizabeth, Safie and the nearly created female monster. The most important female character in this story is Elizabeth although she is hardly mentioned until after the interdiction of Victor Frankenstein her fianc, Shelley showed how women were not important at that time unless they had a man. An example of this, the way Victor treated Elizabeth, he never discussed with her his work or his fear from the monster that he created. He was only expecting for her loyalty and obedience. Even when Victor decided to marry, he discussed his marriage with his father and his friend Henry to locate the place and the day of the marriage. It is strange because, it is known from antiquity that these concerns are womens interests, not mens, but Shelley preferred to show that men dominated women even in their most basic rights and interests. Victor said: Elizabeth loved the wonderful sights of nature in the mountains and lakes of Switzerland while I was more interested in investigating why things in nature happened (Shelley 17). Here Victor was outspoken about his opinion on Elizabeths interests, which is nothing important in life. Shelley reflects how men in her society looked at women as their mentality lacked invention or even education. She was docile and good tempered, yet gay and playful as a summers insect and I loved to tend on her, as I should on a favourite animal (Shelley 20). Victor again looked at Elizabeth as a small butterfly or a pet. Another opinion Shelley pointed out, which is men look at women as a beautiful animal or insect that they enjoy looking at, and they only expect obedience from women and t hey have no missions in life other than fulfilling their desires. In addition, when the Monster tries to take revenge from Victor he decides to kill Elizabeth. Here, Elizabeth is a metaphor of something that belongs to Victor. Because when someone tries to take revenge from someone else the first thing he will do is to take or destroy something he owns. So Shelley refers to Elizabeth as an object belongs to Victor. Indeed, the beast is able to kill Elizabeth on her wedding day wearing her white dress, Shelley reflected her negative idea about marriage in her society. Because she didnt believe in marriage, she thought a person should be with whoever he chooses without restrictions. Second, Safie is another subordinate female character. She runs away from her father in Turkey alone to live with her fianc? © Felix in Germany. Safie and Felix showed a deep and powerful relationship by defying the rules of their societies. Her relationship with her fianc? © is strong and perfect. Shelley presents herself in Safie in the way that rebelled against her family, Shelley ran away with Percy Beach Shelley without getting married and she believed in her lovers belief in freedom and there is no such thing as restrictions such as marriage if two people love each other she even knew that Percy had another wife. But after their long struggle with their family and society they decided to marry. She mentions Safie in only two pages to show that it is a fictional character who seeks her personal desire something that no one dares in her society to do such a thing, it is also a message to women who want to seek their dreams and live only for their personal desires. Felix spent the weeks following Safies arrival teaching her to speak and read their language (Shelley 85). Safie does not give up on her family but she abandons her identity, language and her culture for Felix who does not even speak her language. In this novel, Shelley points out that women in her society could be this stupid and blind to forget who they are when they loved men. Finally, the monster asks Victor to create a female monster to live in peace far away from humans. In the beginning, Victor accepts to create her, but he starts to think of consequences and feel suspicious. Still, my work was proceeding well. Why, then, did such a sickening sense of foreboding ill my heart? This feeling that something evil was about to happen (Shelly 111). Victor thinks that the monster hates himself already and starts to become independent, let alone a female ugly angry monster, she will make a fuss. That cannot be controlled by his male creature (Mellor 360). Victor is afraid that the female creature might become a thinker, she may refuse to live with the male monster and they will hate each other. She will have an entity and a sense of self and needs as any normal person. Hes afraid that she might have her own way of thinking. Female autonomy, in Victors eyes, becomes a terrible threat (Williams). Victor was not only afraid of an angry female monster but is also afraid she may not submit to the male monster whom Victor created hem himself and this may shake his manhood and change his principles on women who should not exceed the limits of obedience. Victor is also afraid that the female monster may start to think of having babies, little thinkers demons such as their mother. Shelley through Victor showed how men thought of women at that time. Men through Victor, supposed that women followed men when their named were mentioned, and if women become superior over men it would be a great disaster because it was against women nature to be superior. To conclude, Mary Shelley was one of the most important women who talked about the womens movement in the nineteenth century. Her aims were to spread awareness among women through her creative writings, the most important work she wrote was Frankenstein. Despite her young age, Shelley managed to reflect mens perspective of women successfully that time via her works. Also, she reflected her personal life through her characters and showed how she suffered that time because she was a woman.

Japan’s Occupation An American Operation Free Essays

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so they decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan’s Occupation: An American Operation or any similar topic only for you Order Now General MacArthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was completed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and cold of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the steam-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle round. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winter. The thousands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacArthur asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, Send me food, or send me bullets. † American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fish, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the arge vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U. S. S. R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effect n May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Emperor was reduced to being a symbol of the unity of the nation. Japanese began to see him in person. He went to hospitals, schools, mines, industrial plants; he broke ground for public buildings and snipped tape at the opening of gates and highways. He was steered here and there, shown things, and kept muttering, â€Å"Ah so, ah so. † People started to call him â€Å"Ah-so-san. Suddenly the puyblic began to take this shy, ill-at-ease man to their hearts. They saw in him something of their own conqured selves, force to do what was alien to them. In 1948, in a newspaper poll, Emperior Hirohito was voted the Civil liberties were emphasized, women were given full equality with men. Article 13 and 19 in the new Constitution, prohibits discrimination in political, economic, and social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status, or family origen. This is one of the most explicitly progressive statements on human rights anywhere in law. Gerneral Douglas MacArthur emerged as a radical feminist because he was â€Å"convinced that the place of women in Japan must be brought to a level consistent with that of women in the western democracies. † So the Japanese women got their equal rights amendment long before a oncerted effort was made to obtain one in America. Compulsory education was extened to nine years, efforts were made to make education more a traning in thinking than in rote memory, and the school system above the six elementary grades was revised to conform to the American pattern. This last mechanical change produced great confusion and dissatisfaction but became so entrenched that it could not be revised even after the Americans departed. Japan’s agriculture was the quickest of national activities to recover because of land reform. The Australians came up with the best plan. It was basis was this: There were to be no absentee landlards. A person who actually worked the land could own up to 7. 5 arcers. Anyone living in a village near by could keep 2. 5 acres. Larger plots of land, exceeding these limits, were bought up by the government and sold on easy terms to former tenants. Within two years 2 million tenants became landowners. The American occupation immediately gained not only a large constituency, for the new owners had a vested interest in preserving the change, but also a psychological momentum for other changes they wanted to initiate. The American labor policy in Japan had a double goal: to encourage the growth of democratic unions while keeping them free of communists. Union organization was used as a balance to the power of management. To the surprise of the American authorties, this movement took a decidedly more radical turn. In the desperate economic conditions of early postwar Japan, there was little room for successful bargaining over wages, and many labor unions instead made a bid to take over industry and operate it in their own behalf. Moreover large numbers of workers in Japan were government employees, such as ailroad workers and teachers, whose wages were set not by management but by the government. Direct political action therefore seemed more meani ngful to these people than wage bargaining. The Japanese unions called for a general strike on February 1, 1947. MacArthur warned the union leadership that he would not countenace a nationwide strike. The strike leaders yieled to MacArthur’s will. The reafter the political appeal of radical labor action appeared to wane. The Americans wanted to disband the great Zaibatsu trust as a means of reducing Japan’s war-making potential. There were about 15 Zaibatsu families such as – Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Yasuda, and Sumitomo. The Zaibatsu controled the industry of Japan. MacArthur’s liaison men pressured the Diet into passing the Deconcentration Law in December 1947. In the eyes of most Japanese this law was designed to cripple Japanese business and industry forever. The first step in breaking up the Zaibatsu was to spread their ownership out among the people and to prevent the old owners from ever again exercising control. The stocks of all the key holding companies were to be sold to the public. Friends of the old Zaibatsu bought the stock. In the long run the Zaibatsu were not exactly destroyed, but a few were weakened and others underwent a considerable shuffle. The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 was marked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greater attention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavy expense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu was slowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imate benefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers brought swelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domestic onsumer market. This market was a major reason for Japan’s subsequent economic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War which proved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main staging area for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy with out having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco in September 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven other nations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went into effect in April 1952, officially terminating the United States ilitary occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath was the insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobility of American ideals and the essential benignity of the American presence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. For the Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphed over the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, the Occupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will on which both America and Japan would draw in the years ahead. How to cite Japan’s Occupation: An American Operation, Essay examples

Auto-Boats for Ethics and Social Issues- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAuto-Boats for Ethics and Social Issues. Answer: Auto-boats technology overview The start-up involves the development of automatic boats which use robotics. Sensors are fitted onto boats and are controlled by use of computer software that is capable of autonomous navigation. The start-up has been spurred with the presence of driverless vehicles. The company is currently in full autonomy and is expected to be mainstreamed in the shipping industry to fully eliminate the need for oversight crew. The present position requires oversight by the crew located at the docks. It makes the boats to be used exclusively for racing, safety and security missions and cargo over close distances(Vijay, 2013). Stakeholders Spill clean-up companies. Military The government Shareholders Employees The management Cargo companies Marine emergency control organizations. International maritime organizations. Intellectual property Patent of on the hull for a self-stabilizing boat will cover the mechanical integrity of the hull. The boats have longitudinal tunnels that are multi-stage to help in stabilizing the hull thereby reducing the risks of capsizing. Automatic boat drain is the other intellectual property patent the boat will automatically drain extra water from the boat. The firefighting boat which is jet-propelled has been developed to safeguard the interests of investors in the start-up and enhance their trust in the company. The further innovation has been developed to provide a robotic means of fighting fire incidents which can be tragic in the computer-controlled boats. The start-ups boats have canopy locks installed to keep the canopy secure whether or not in use. Boat washing method and apparatus has also been developed floating on water to clean the boats. It is made of up of brushes powered by electricity and attached on either side to clean up spores and algae attached to boats. Opportunities An opportunity is in the firefighting boats which are jet-propelled. Fire accidents of boats while in the sea have been prevalent and tragic causing people and organizations losses amounting to millions of dollars and even lives(Nonami, 2008). This area will offer a long-awaited solution to many. The boat washing apparatus patented above will be made open to boats of different types. Cleaning up of boats and ships will help to maintain operational conditions and the durability of vessels. Employment to the local community will be the primary social responsibility goal as s start-up. The company has estimated to employ several thousands of staff in various fields once full production commences. The fields that will create opportunities will range from management staff, programmers, marketers, production, engineers, security staff, programmers, and maintenance staff. Ocean clean-up is an area of concern toward every boat manufacturer. The vessels use water and it is consequently expected that the company will be conducting regular clean-up programs of close beaches and their docks. The company will also clean the waste products from the production plant to be a model of pollution control. Activities such as these will capture the interests of the public and other potential investors(Wolf, 2010). Risk Unscrewed boats and ships have more vulnerability to piracy and outright theft by remotely hacking the vessels' control system. some autonomous vessels like oil tankers will not win public trust and this means that the boats will be used to transport the cargo of low value and in racing which does not expose the ship to a lot of financial risks(Zhen, 2004). It is challenging to operate vessels over long distances. Most marine accidents occur because of groundings and collisions which are caused by human errors which are expected to decline in unmanned vessels. The few accidents that may occur will not have a crew to intervene. Accidents caused by fire, for example, will not have firefighters. Removal of the crew from a boat means that accidents, which may always occur, will be more severe. Technological barriers and maritime regulations do not allow unmanned vessels in international waters and this means that the which means that it will take some time before these challenges are resolved to allow the project to be fully operational(Cruz, 2008). Conclusion The application of technology in the boat industry has not been exploited and leaves a tremendous business opportunity in the changing world. Once implemented, the company will reduce the number of marine accidents by a wide margin of up to 70%(Huntsberger, 2011). The company has already started receiving pre-contract requests for supply of boats and patent production requests and design. By the year 2020, the international regulations about the crew that currently does not allow crewless vessels on international waters. The relevant negotiations are underway to allow completely autonomous boats and ships to sail which will be a development on the current limitation to semi-autonomous vessels. Summary The report outlines the role of ethics and social issues in the auto-boat start-up company driven by technology. It starts by highlighting the technology overview that has established this innovation. The brief highlight is followed by the identification of stakeholders who influence the start-up either directly or indirectly and then describes the patents accompanying the innovation as sole intellectual property. The opportunities and risks tied to the innovation are then given a detailed outline by the report. The conclusion gives a recap of the whole essay with an emphasis on the vessels regulation international waters. References Cruz, N., 2008. Fast-an autonomous sailing platform for oceanographic missions." OCEANS 2008. IEEE, 2008. New York, IEEE. Huntsberger, T., 2011. Stereo visionbased navigation for autonomous surface vessels. Journal of Field Robotics, 28(1), pp. 3-18. Nonami, K., 2008. Course keeping control of an autonomous boat using low-cost sensors. Journal of System Design and Dynamics, 2(1), pp. 389-400. Vijay, K., 2013. Dynamic simulation of autonomous boats for cooperative skimming and cleanup. Portland, Oregon. Wolf, M., 2010. 360?degree visual detection and target tracking on an autonomous surface vessel. Journal of Field Robotics, 27(6), pp. 819-833. Zhen, S., 2004. Diffusion boundary determination and zone control via mobile actuator- sensor networks(MAS-net): challenges and opportunities. SPIE, 5421(1), pp. 1-907.

How Does Magnetic Train Works

Introduction With the changes in information technology, a lot is expected from scientists and engineers on what they will do to facilitate change. There are many changes in terms of transport and communication, which remain to be vital in today’s society. Globalization has even increased the need to travel as well as uses the least possible time to ensure a person reaches their destination faster.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Magnetic Train Works specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Airplanes have been considered to be the fastest means of transportation and most convenient for overseas travel. However, there are a number of challenges; cost and safety are among them. Even though most people who have to go abroad travel by plane, many admit that they use airplanes simply because they do not have a better alternative. There is however good news in the transportation industry following the invention of the magnetic trains. This technology uses the attraction and repelling nature of magnets to move a machine. The paper will be focusing on magnetic technology and its effective use to ease the move of transport across the globe. History Rail transport has undergone a lot of change over the years. The earliest trains used fossil fuels to aid their movement. Through such a technology, coal and such similar fuels would be used to generate the needed energy to make the train move. Even though the technology is still common especially where there is no inadequate technology, its use has diminished. Petrol or diesel has never been preferred to rail transport considering its cost and the fact that it is not easily accessible. The engines that are used to move trains are also heavy and this would require large tanks of fuel, which may never be adequate. Fuelling such trains would be quite a challenge taking into consideration the fact that most trains are preferred for long distance trav elling and transportation of cargo. People who travel far have considered rail transport to be the best option at a cheaper cost. The main challenge has however been the speed of the trains, which makes travellers spend quite some time on the rails. To solve the issue of speed, electric trains were invented and they work using electronic forces (Sadiku Akujuobi, 2006). The train still operates using the engine yet the engine is mainly used to control the speed and ensure that the vehicle stops whenever necessary. Electric wires are connected to the train and supply the energy needed to move the train. However, such a technology can only work when there is adequate supply of electricity. It means that those people living in remote areas cannot access such a vital service.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most developing nations of Asia, electric power is used alongside fossil fuel to move the train. This ensures that the trains keep on moving even when they have left areas that are connected to electricity. Magnetic train is the newest technology that has already been tested in Japan and Germany. This transport mode is as fast as any Boeing aeroplane. This is done by the use of a simple technology that will be cost effective and will save much on the environment once it has been implemented. The technical process of magnetic trains works through electronic process as highlighted below. Magnetic trains have been introduced to save on the issues of cost, time and maintenance. We realise that when it comes to transport, the biggest hurdle for aeroplanes and ordinary trains has been on managing the cost of maintenance as well as making it accessible to as many people as possible. The magnetic trains have been designed in a way that the train will generate its own power and use it as well as having features that will minimize on friction that causes tear and wear. Basic physics It is known that ‘like’ poles in magnetism repel while unlike poles attract. These poles are usually referred to as the north and the south poles (Sadiku Akujuobi, 2006). Since the invention of magnets, they have been used for various purposes. The technology is still being developed of which the latest is that of using magnetic force to make machines work. The technique is similar to that of arranging the magnets to either attract or repel to cause movement or to stop it. To facilitate such a process, basic requirements of magnetic pull such as iron rods and an electronic field are used and arranged to facilitate the movement. The gravitational force, which is also responsible for the force, is also used to set up the apparatus. It is known that magnetic force is attracted to like poles whiles it is being repelled from opposite poles (Shibata, Maki, Saito and Kobayashi 1993). Magnetic trains are hence designed to ensure that magnetic poles attract and repel when it is needed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Magnetic Train Works specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Superconducting magnets have become crucial in the entire procedure of magnetic trains as they conduct larger amounts of energy required to facilitate movement of the trains (Shibata, Maki, Saito and Kobayashi 1993, p.112). The sidewalls of the rails mount the levitate coils in the maglev rail system, which is used in magnetic trains. Adequate magnetic force has to be generated to facilitate this. The eddy or Foucault currents (currents produced by the change of magnetic filed in the conductor) required are generated by harmonics at the surface where the superconducting magnets have been positioned (Shibata et al 1993, p. 113). With the static magnetic field and the eddy currents being produced, this will yield a powerful force that will result in the evaporation of helium liquid. As the f orces interact, there is generation of amplitude and a continuous magnetic flux that will subsequently make the train move. Below is a diagram that clearly illustrates the process of a magnetically levitated train. Figure 1 Source: (Shibata et al 1993, p. 112) The above represented scheme clearly shows that the process is managed electronically with the thrust coil, levitation coil, the vessel coil and the superconductor coil. The fundamental flux produced by the ground coils and harmonic flux provides guidance and the levitation of the magnetic train (Shibata et al 1993, p. 115).Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, Fujiwara and Fujimoto (1993, pg 124) also came up with a working principle of a magnetic train that uses both the levitation and the guiding scheme (Fujiwara Fujimoto 1993, p.124). The figure below shows how the left and the right coils are connected to each other in a parallel way. Figure 2 Source: Fujiwara Fujimoto (1993, p.124) There is a great similarity in how the two technologies work apart from some slight modifications. For instance, the magnetic drag force is significantly reduced in the EDS maglev vehicle through adjustments. Here, the two rectangular unit coils make up for the levitation coil. The main purpose of the rectangular unit coils is to prevent the induction of electric current on the levitation coil. This, hence, implies that the levitation and guidance functions are performed by the left and right coils consistently (Fujiwara Fujimoto 1993, p.128). Due to high amount of heat that is usually produced during this process, the guide way is fitted wi th super coolers that regulate the amount of heat. This is an automated process that happens once the train senses a lot of heat production. This, therefore, ensures that the train is safe from overheating and eventually causing fires. The magnetic process is also designed in a way that the train may be slowed down or accelerated once the need arises. This is the main purpose of the engine like feature that is fitted in the train. The EDS system operates almost like a train as the maglev trains rolls on tires that are made of rubber (Shibata et al 1993, p. 117). The rolling will happen until the train gathers adequate momentum of speed of about 62 mph (100 kph). This EDS system was invented in Germany by the use of such technology. The wheels are of great advantage especially when power fails. The train can hence held itself on wheels minimizing on any form of accident. The indutracks are designed in two different forms to cater for high and low speed. Indutrack 1 has been designed to handle high speed while indutrack 2 has been designed to handle slower speed for slightly shorter distances. The track of the magnetic trains is composed of electrically short-circuits that have been insulated using wires. Conclusion After successful trials in Japan and Germany, the magnetic train will be the modern form of transport that will relive many travellers. It is a revolution that is still undergoing extensive research as well as improvements that will make it better. It has been considered that once the technology is fully exploited, it will be able to transport passengers across the world in just a few hours. The fastest maglev is faster that a normal Boeing aeroplane and cost effective. The main challenge is to construct the long guide ways fitted with the magnetic coils. Apart from the fact that they are economical on cost, they are also environmental friendly considering the fact that they are smoke free and do not produce much noise. The space used to construct su ch runways is not much and can either be done underground or elevated in the air. This implies that other activities can still be happening in those places where the guide ways have been constructed. References Fujiwara, S Fujimoto, T 1993, ‘Characteristics of Combined Levitation and Guidance EDS Maglev System’, Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 113. no. 3. Sadiku, M Akujuobi, C 2006, ‘Magnetic levitation’, IEEE Potentials. vol.25. no.2. Shibata, M., Maki, N., Saito, T Kobayashi, T 1993, ‘Levitation Coil length Optimization of a magnetically Levitation Train’, Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 113. no. 2. This essay on How Does Magnetic Train Works was written and submitted by user Fisher Hess to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Make a Pitfall Trap to Catch Crawling Insects

How to Make a Pitfall Trap to Catch Crawling Insects A pitfall trap is an essential tool for catching and studying ground-dwelling insects, particularly springtails and ground beetles. Its easy. You can build and set up a simple pitfall trap in less than half an hour, about 15-20 minutes, using recycled materials. What You Need: coffee can with a plastic lidfour rocks or objects of equal sizea board or piece of slight large wider than the coffee cana trowel Heres How: Assemble your materials – a trowel, a clean coffee can with a plastic lid, four rocks or similar objects of equal size, and a board or piece of slate 4-6 inches wider than the coffee can.Dig a hole the size of the coffee can. The depth of the hole should be the height of the coffee can, and the can should fit snugly without gaps around the outside.Place the coffee can in the hole so the top is flush with the surface of the soil. If it doesn’t fit correctly, you will need to remove or add soil to the hole until it does.Put the four rocks or other objects on the soil surface an inch or two from the edge of the coffee can. The rocks should be spaced apart from each other to make â€Å"legs† for the board that will cover the pitfall trap.Put the board or piece of slate on top of the four rocks to protect the pitfall trap from rain and debris. It will also create a cool, shady area that will attract ground insects seeking moisture and shade. Tips: Close the coffee can with the plastic lid when you cannot attend to your pitfall trap, or if heavy rain is expected.Make sure to check the trap at least once every 24 hours, and remove any insects you have caught. Keep them for study or release them.If you want specimens for a collection and don’t need the insects to be alive, pour one inch of water in the pitfall trap and add 1-2 drops of dish soap.

Take home exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Take home exam - Essay Example The rules of the present international economic order have been primarily designed and enforced by the developed nations to serve their own selfish interest for this reason undermining the ability of these concepts of business to in spur development, as they so desire. In as long as the developed nations interfere and manipulate the international trade rules to safeguard their wealth, resources as well as other self-interests and gains, the other countries of the world will remain to languish in abject poverty regardless of the economic globalization. This in turn has led to the increased incidence of inequality among and within states involved. According to Stiglitz, developed countries continue to manipulate the international trade rules with the knowledge of the third-world countries that remain to be the greatest causalities of these amendments (63-64). The countries aim at protecting their factories and farmers from the more proficient producers in the developing countries. The international financial system that is led by the I.M.F has been known to reward the extravagant leaders and penalize the wretched debtors. Such moves are aimed to cover up for the many malicious practices on the international platform that leaves the rich states richer while the poor states more impoverished. As globalization continues to take center stage and implementation of free trade unions, the disparities and economic inequality continues to proceed further unchecked evoking the concept of negative externalities as construed by market analysts and researchers. Interest groups among the developed nations benefit from favorable treatment by their government but these favors do not apply for people from developing countries as they are victimized for becoming a ‘threat’. The same applies on the aspect of free trade that over time undermine